Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
not available in the literature. It is worth noting that the ranking shown in
Figure 11.10 is not correlated with concentration (see also Table 11.5). As an
example and in agreement with the Freundlich parameters summarized in
Table 11.3, the front velocity of naphthalene (
c
0
= 5864 μg/L) was lower com-
pared to isoquinoline (
c
0
= 15 μg/L).
11.3.4 Efficiencies of Permeable Reactive Barriers
The efficiencies of two PRBs in Karlsruhe (Germany) and Brunn am Gebirge
(Austria) were investigated with respect to the adsorption of PAHs, phenols,
NSO-heterocycles, BTEX, and related compounds in four field campaigns. In
addition, concentrations at both sites were compared with data from the site
Lünen (Germany), where a reactive barrier was originally planned but still
not realized.
11.3.4.1 Characterization of Sites
Samples from wells on the contaminated sites as well as from the influ-
ent and effluent waters of the PRB itself were analyzed. In addition, on-site
parameters and concentrations of anions and selected cations (median val-
ues) are presented in Table 11.6. Laboratory experiments were performed
with groundwater from another site in Lünen (Germany) and data from this
site were also included in Table 11.6.
Although the composition of water samples from different wells on a
given site can vary, the median values of all samples taken over a number
of years (always within the period July to November) should serve as a
general overview of the chemical characterization. Redox potentials are
TABLE 11.6
On-Site Parameters, Concentrations of Anions, and Selected Cations (Median
Values, N
=
30-40, Site Dependent) for the Contaminated Sites
c(Cl
−
)
c(NO
3
−
)
c(SO
4
2
−
)
c(CN
−
)
T
(
°
C)
c(O
2
)
mg/L
κ
mS/cm
1
V
Red
(mV)
Site
pH
mg/L
Lünen
12.5
0.1
2.5
−232.0
7.1
44.0
(0.1)
761.0
0.66
Karlsruhe
14.2
0.2
1.1
−149.0
6.9
51.0
(0.1)
123.0
0.21
Brunn
15.1
0.2
1.9
−78.5
6.9
370.5
(0.1)
122.5
0.07
c(Ba)
c(Ca)
c(Fe)
c(K)
c(Mg)
c(Mn)
c(Na)
c(Sr)
Site
mg/L
Lünen
0.1
245.5
0.3
11.8
69.1
1.1
96.4
3.1
Karlsruhe
0.3
172.5
3.8
12.2
23.6
0.6
26.2
0.5
Brunn
0.2
205.5
1.8
7.1
55.6
1.2
93.1
2.2
Note:
Values in parentheses for nitrate are detection limits.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search