Remediation of PAHs, NSO-Heterocycles, and Related Aromatic Compounds in Permeable Reactive Barriers Using Activated Carbon - Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation - page 215

11
Remediation of PAHs, NSO-Heterocycles,
and Related Aromatic Compounds in
Permeable Reactive Barriers Using
Activated C arbon
Wolf-Ulrich Palm, Jan Sebastian Mänz, and Wolfgang Ruck
CONTENTS
11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 216
11.1.1 Solubility of NSO-Heterocycles and Their Parent
Aromatics ........................................................................................ 216
11.2 Experimental .............................................................................................. 219
11.2.1 Instrumentation and Materials .................................................... 219
11.2.2 Analytics ......................................................................................... 219
11.2.2.1 GC-MS Analysis ............................................................. 220
11.2.2.2 LC-MS/MS Analysis ...................................................... 220
11.2.2.3 Liquid-Liquid Extraction for High
Concentrations: GC-MS Only ....................................... 220
11.2.3 Activated Carbons ......................................................................... 220
11.2.4 Column Experiments .................................................................... 222
11.2.5 Contaminated Sites and Investigated Reactive Barriers .......... 223
11.3 Results ......................................................................................................... 224
11.3.1 Extraction and Analysis of Organic Compounds ..................... 224
11.3.2 Adsorption Isotherms on Activated Carbon ............................. 225
11.3.2.1 Adsorption Isotherms of Single Compounds
in Water ............................................................................ 226
11.3.2.2 Adsorption Isotherm of 2-Methylquinoline:
Dependence on pH ......................................................... 226
11.3.2.3 Adsorption Isotherms of Mixtures............................... 230
11.3.2.4 Isotherm Parameters from Column Runs:
Comparison with Batch Experiments .......................... 233
11.3.3 Compound Ranking from Column Runs .................................. 234
11.3.4 Efficiencies of Permeable Reactive Barriers ............................... 238
11.3.4.1 Characterization of Sites ................................................ 238
11.3.4.2 Reactive Barrier in Karlsruhe (Germany) .................... 239
215