Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The most powerful factor of impact on growth and development of plants is ensuring
the continuous nutrition with all necessary elements, including microcells. Physiologi-
cal laws of “minimum” and “factors equivalence” testify that the yield is limited by an
element that is minimum, but the maximum efficiency is reached when providing the
other elements in the necessary proportions, that is, at a balanced nutrition [1].
Use of derno-podzolic soils not resupplying the organic substance and nutrition el-
ements signifi cantly reduces their fertility. Long application of only mineral fertilizers
has often negative impact on the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties
of soils [2-5]. Preservation and reproduction of fertility of soils is an important task,
especially in modern conditions of maintaining agricultural production when reducing
the introduction of organic and high cost of mineral fertilizers.
6.2 THE AIM OF THIS WORK
In this regard, we conducted an experiment to identify the responsiveness of various
potato varieties on the level of plant mineral nutrition in mountain zone on RNO-Alania.
Village Kurtat is located in the mountain meadow subalpine zone of Fiagdon hol-
low lying within the Northern slope of the Central Caucasian Mountains between
Rocky and Bokovoy ridges, at a height of 1,450 m above sea level.
Mountain meadow subalpine derno-podzolic soils with the largest arable plots are
the main soil difference.
Depending on soil-forming types, the granulometric composition of mountain
meadow subalpine soils is not the same. The soils formed on sandstones have easier
granulometric composition than soils formed on slates and limestones.
If on granites and sandstones, soils are easily accessible or even sandy loam (the
content of physical clay content in the upper level varies from 19.3 to 20.8%), on
slates and limestones, the soils are mean and hard loamy (the content of physical clay
content in the upper level varies from 22.1 to 41.6%) [3].
Mountain meadow subalpine soils are characterized by the high content of organic
substance. In the turf level of subalpine soils, the accumulation of turf is not observed,
but due to undecomposed plant remains the content of organic matter is quite high—
31 percent [3, 4].
According to K. Kh. Byasov et al. [4], mountain meadow subalpine soils, despite
the high content of gross phosphorus (0.32-0.35%), are very poor in their labile forms.
In the turf level, the content of labile phosphorus varies within 2.8-2.4 mg/100 g soil.
All soils, irrespective of soil-forming types, are highly provided with potassium—
from 30.3 to 51.0 mg/100 g soil. The upper humic levels contain 0.62-1.17 percent of
total nitrogen, whereas hydrolyzed nitrogen—from 6.44 to 6.72 mg/100 g of the soils.
The content of humus in the upper level is 6.7 percent. Soils of the plot have subacidic
reaction of the soil medium (рН—4.9-5.2) [3].
It should be noted that, despite the specifi cs of mountain soils in Fiagdon hollow
(high rubbliness, close shingle beds and soil-forming material, high washing ability,
weak water-retaining characteristic), they completely provide plants with necessary
amount of nutrients, moisture, and air. This points to the possibility of crop cultivation.
 
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