Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Many factors forming the net result depend on time of potatoe planting: productiv-
ity and tuber quality. Therefore, when determining this time, it is necessary to con-
sider weather, soil condition, physiological, and condition of tubers [1, 2]. The time
of planting influences plant treatment in summer. Each cultivar needs to be planted in
one place within the shortest time (up to 7 days); otherwise, the subsequent treatments
with pesticides may be inefficient. Not only too late planting of potatoes is harmful,
but also at very early plating there is a threat of frosts to crops. At the same time, at
early time of plating, before activating the lice carrier, the plant reaches age stability,
and therefore, suffers less from virus diseases [1-3].
Due to these arguments, we in this chapter have studied the phenology of potato
plant development, accumulation of a crop, and quality formation depending on the
time of planting.
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Researches and observations were made on the “State Farm by Dzerzhinsky” in Ala-
girsky region of RNO-Alania on pebbling leached chernozem. Analyses of indica-
tors for soil saturation with nutrients and humus on the experimental plot revealed
that soils contain quite high percentage of humus, 52-63, and contain phosphorus,
0.44-0.21, and potassium, 1.62-2.04 mg equivalent per 1 kg of the soil. Sowing was
performed for three data: 15.04, 25.04, and 05.05.
Cultivars of local selection Vladikavkazsky and Predgorny (North Caucasian Re-
search Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture) were used for researches; culti-
var Volzhanin was applied as a cultivar-standard.
We followed the subsequent conditions of landing of potato: agrotechnology was
universally adopted, depth of potatoes planting was 6-8 cm, the total area of the plot
was 28 m 2 , and that of record plot was 25 m 2 , the frequency of replication was qua-
druple, and the preceding crop was winter wheat.
For planting we used tubers weighing 60-80 g. The nitric-phosphoric-potassium
fertilizer (in Russian—“nitroamophoska”) (in correlation 32:32:32) was introduced in
spring. Care for plantings was carried out according to the time of planting and also
depending on weed and soil condition. Against buckeye rot and Colorado beetle, we
applied double treatments with preparations Karate and Ridomil-Gold, respectively.
The following observations were carried out during the course of the researches:
- phenological observations as calculation of the main stalks in a bush; observa-
tions for growth of a top and its test in a phase of potatoes flowering;
- counted assimilatory surface of leaves by cutting method;
- determined the content of starch and dry matters by weight method;
- determined tubers' marketability.
Crop accounting was carried out from each plot, and we received results processed
by the method of dispersion analysis [4].
 
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