Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
In Northern Caucasus zeolite-containing clays (such as irlites, alanites, tereklites,
leskenites) are found on fl ood-plain of river Terek.
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
On the first year, red clover was sown solidly on the forecrop—winter wheat or win-
ter barley. After the first hay harvest on the second year of life of clover, the wide-
space seed grass was formed with the following undersow of alfalfa in row-spacing
with lowered norm of sowing. Before sowing alfalfa seeds were mixed with zeolite-
containing clay, including alanite (5-6 kg/ha) adding molybdenum-acid ammonium
(30-40 g/ha). Hard seeds of alfalfa were treated for 6-8 hr in 0.2-0.3 percent water so-
lution of ragweed. Before sowing wet seeds were enveloped by bacteria from pounded
tubercles taken from root system of alfalfa plants of second or third year of life on the
stage of budding or flowering. Selection of tubercle bacteria was accomplished on
old-age plants in past years. For hectare norm of alfalfa sowing in clover row-spacing
(4 kg/ha), just 5-8 plants are needed, in which tubercle bacteria were taken without
separation of roots from soil.
3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Choice of winter wheat or winter barley as the forecrop for sowing of legume grasses
is explained by the fact that those crops leave in soil unused microelements (boron,
molybdenum, cobalt, copper, manganese), which promote the increase of chlorophyll
content in leaves, strengthening of plant's assimilation activity, and process of pho-
tosynthesis. They also influence positively on seed development and their sowing
qualities. Under influence of micro-elements, plants become more resistant to various
diseases and unfavorable environmental conditions (soil and aerial drought, exces-
sive moisture, high and low temperatures). For legume grasses, clover, and alfalfa,
substantial quantity of microelements is needed. Placement of legume grasses after
winter cereals permits to cut costs on micronutrients and increase their fodder and seed
productivity [5].
From the beginning, we have sown clover solidly to cut the number of weeds in
the crop. The next year on the stage of budding, we received fodder of good quality
in the hay harvest. After the fi rst hay harvest, we formed from solid sowing of clover
with the help of cultivator a wide-space sowing with row-spacing 60 cm wide, where
alfalfa was undersown with lowered norm of sowing 4 kg/ha. This norm of sowing
secures better lighting of grass, increase of quantity of generative organs, and more
active pollination by bees. Additional fodder is received in the year of alfalfa sowing,
in the end of its vegetation. The following year (the third year of clover's life), the fi rst
legume crop (clover) falls out, and seed grass of alfalfa remains. It is harvested in the
fi rst hay-crop.
Due to the fact that clover plants develop well on slightly acid soils (pH 5-6),
while alfalfa grows better on neutral soils (pH 7-7.5), special technique was applied
for sowing the second crop. Seeds of alfalfa were mixed with zeolite-containing clay
alanite, where molybdenum-acid ammonium was dissolved preliminarily. High con-
tent of calcium in alanite (30-40%) leads to decrease of soil acidity, and it has a favor-
able infl uence on alfalfa development.
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