Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
from highly elevated mountain districts of North Ossetia (villages Dzinaga, Gornaya
Saniba, Dargavs) have greater competitive capacity over 50 percent.
Synthetic populations formed from the native species of mountain ecosystems
have the maximal competitiveness measured by the number of survived plants.
In the selection of plants for the creation of complex hybrid population, we took
into consideration not only competitiveness, but also a group of economically valuable
traits: yield of overground mass, high seed productivity, resistance to diseases, fodder
merits, longevity, and winter hardiness. Correlations are calculated between all those
traits, and it makes possible to select best genotypes in a short period.
Wild samples Dargavs, Iraf, Dzinaga, and Gornaya Saniba, which were a part of
synthetic populations, distinguished themselves by good fodder merits. The length of
their stems in the phase of stooling was 5-7 cm less than by zoned cultivars. But in
the fl owering period in mixture crops, the wild forms reached the level of well-known
cultivars. They also had advantage in the number of leaves per stem (2-6% above
all other studied samples). The rate of leaf cover of stems (58-69%) was the largest
among the samples, which originated from the most elevated highlands above sea
level. The protein content in plant samples increased under the same rule of vertical
zoning of natural habitats.
Biochemical analysis of wild introduced samples revealed that the red clover pop-
ulations had a high content of protein and a low content of cellulose in the phase of
stooling (27 and 14.5%, respectively). In the phase of fl owering, the content of protein
in the absolutely dry substance reached 19.7-23.2 percent, while the content of cel-
lulose was 17.2-20.1 percent. In the fl owering phase, the content of these substanc-
es slightly decreased, but it was relatively high in comparison with zoned cultivars.
Plants of wild-growing forms contained 0.6-0.8 percent of phosphorus, 2-4 percent
of sugar, and 8-10 percent of ashes, which was slightly above the qualitative charac-
teristics of selection samples grown in an elevation of 600 m above sea level (village
Mikhailovskoye).
It is important in the selection process of the red clover to create basic material
with increased resistance to diseases, especially to root rot, anthracnose, leaf spot of
clover, and mildew. With the aim of receiving such cultivar, samples were evaluated in
natural conditions of mountains and foothills, on the infectious background, in mixed
and pure crops.
Evaluation of samples revealed an advantage of wild forms and complex hybrid
populations, which were formed on the base of plants introduced from mountain re-
gions. Synthetic populations Syn 305-03, Syn 321-08, and Syn 322-08 received high
estimates for disease resistance (according to the method of All-Russian Institute for
Plant Protection).
Incidence of the most widespread diseases in the region (anthracnose, ascochy-
tose, leaf spot of clover) did not exceed 1.5-1.8 points, while other samples were af-
fected on the level of 3.5-4 points.
In the selection of plants in grass mixtures, in the second year of life, the seed
productivity was taken into consideration as one of the main traits for cultivars of
hayfi eld-pasture type.
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