Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
rate, the production of ATP in the cells, and the activity of redox enzymes are very
high. Quantity of proteins in the leaves increases depending on their growth and in-
crease of their area. When leaf growth ceases, the protein content in them remains con-
stant for some time, and at the later development phases, and particularly during the
formation of generative organs, there is a decrease of nitrogen and mineral content and
increase of the amount of sparingly soluble carbohydrates and lignin. In this regard, by
the end of the flowering phase and especially after flowering, digestibility and feeding
value of the vegetative mass deteriorate. In the earlier phases of development, plants
have a lot of proteins, mineral elements, an increased amount of fat, but fiber content
is very low. In the process of growth and development of plants, they contain less pro-
tein, minerals, fats, and dramatically increased amount of fiber. The concentration of
digestible carbohydrates in the vegetative organs of legumes increases to the budding
phase, and then decreases. Significant changes are observed at the same time in the
composition of nitrogenous substances. In young plants, crude protein contains rather
many proteins, and their content decreases in the process of growth and the proportion
of nonprotein nitrogen compounds increases. Young plants are characterized, as a rule,
by high content of albumin, and at later stages of development, more sparingly soluble
proteins predominate in plants. Significant changes in carbohydrate complex also take
place. At the early stages of growth of legumes, there is much sugar and starch in the
composition of NFEs, and after flowering, amount of sugars decreases and increases
the concentration of hemicellulose. The ash content of grasses during the growing sea-
son decreases. Under optimum conditions, the nutritional content of calcium and mag-
nesium in them at this time is almost unchanged, and that of potassium and especially
phosphorus reduces significantly. Therefore, in the later stages of plant development,
ratio of Ca:P and Ca:K in the ash increases dramatically. When feeding animals on the
feed mass produced at late grass cutting, they may be lack in phosphorus. The content
of almost all vitamins in the green mass during vegetation is also reduced. The limits
of variability of each of the biochemical parameters are largely dependent on genet-
ics, of both crop and variety. Therefore, in the selection process, study of biochemical
characteristics of the breeding material and the influence of the phase of plant develop-
ment on the productivity and quality of forage is the basis of success in the creation of
varieties with high yield and forage nutritive value.
The aim of our study was to perform biochemical evaluation of the best variety
samples of the red clover and
G. orientalis
and assess their nutritional value.
27.3 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
The objects of study were red clover varieties Mereya, TOS-870, variety samples SL-
38, Mut-BSAA, variety of
G. orientalis
Nesterka, and varieties SEG-1, SEG-2, and
SEG-4 produced by the Department of Breeding and Genetics at the BSAA.
We studied the chemical composition of the green mass of the varieties of
G. ori-
entalis
Nesterka and red clover Mereya in the phases of stemming, budding, and fl ow-
ering, determining the variability of the content of protein, fat, ash, fi ber, and NFEs,
depending on the phase of the plant development.
Top variety samples of the red clover TOS-870, SL-38, Mut-BSAA, and
G. orien-
talis
SEG-1, SEG-2, and SEG-4 were analyzed by biochemical composition of green
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