Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
festations of the hereditary changes in the coloring of fl owers and other morphological
and economically valuable traits. Thus, it was observed that in the centers of origin
where
Galega
grows wild (Northern Caucasus, Dagestan, Georgia, Northern Armenia,
and Southwestern part of Azerbaijan) typical for legume dominant features occur (blue
color of fl owers, green with pigmentation color of leaves, uneven ripening, etc.). In
certain geographic areas (which is also confi rmed by the law of homologous series)
in plants of
G. orientalis
, new traits and properties appropriate to the specifi c grow-
ing conditions are formed. For example, to a wild population of
G. orientalis
from
Northern Caucasus, the most characteristic traits are early maturity, early fl owering
and fruiting, high winter resistance, high seed production, rapid and uniform ripening,
large leafi ness, and plant height. For these traits, the best samples from this area were
introduced into culture and on their basis, selection varieties that are being cultivated
commercially now have been developed. As to the wild populations of
Galega orien-
tals
from Northern Armenia, they are increasingly being used in breeding to enrich the
gene pool and create initial material and varieties with certain distinctive features [13].
In the process of introduction, establishment, and expansion from sharply differing
climatic conditions to others,
G. orientalis
showed a variety of new changes including
white fl owers. A white fl owering spontaneous mutation found by us in the old-growth
crops of
G. orientalis
was a confi rmation of the presence of parallelism of variability
of traits in legumes and was included in hybridization.
When forecasting a possible morphogenetic process in the hybrid generations of
G. orientalis
, examples with the blue lupine were used which revealed clear patterns
of manifestation of the combination variability by this and other traits relevant to the
law of homologous series.
To obtain natural hybrids, we left a white form in our common crops to full matu-
ration of beans. It made it possible to obtain hybrid seeds from open pollination of its
fl owers with pollen of blue fl owering plants surrounding it. The defi ned white fl ower-
ing plant after harvesting the seeds was transplanted to an isolated plot with a view to
its subsequent self-pollination and production of homozygous constant form that was
subsequently subjected to selection elaboration and ended with the establishment of a
constant variety sample with fl owers and light-green vegetative organs.
The resulting hybrid seeds F
0
in the spring were used for planting nursery of the
fi rst-generation hybrids in order to further explore the morphogenetic process in the
future hybrid progenies. In the fi rst-generation hybrid plants of
G. orientalis
, accord-
ing to the fi rst law of Mendel, were characterized by uniformity and dark-green veg-
etative organs, indicating intermediate nature of inheritance of fl ower coloring and
dominant manifestation of color characteristics of vegetative organs. Harvested in the
nursery of the fi rst-generation hybrids, the seeds were used for the nurseries of the
second-generation hybrids. The nursery was laid by a wide cluster method to the wells
with an area of nutrition 70 × 70 cm. This seeding method enabled to do a more accu-
rate description of the obtained forms of the studied traits. The conducted phenologi-
cal observations and a thorough analysis of each plant allowed defi ning the biotypes
with a predicted combination of traits. In the hybrid population F
2
, similar to the blue
lupine, phenotypes with fl ower coloring varying from white to dark-blue appeared.
Coloring of stems and leaves varied from light-green to dark-green and intense violet
Search WWH ::
Custom Search