Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
of herbicides of type 2,4-
D
, of izo-proturon, [15] and of pesticides [16] in the same
year after their use. It is necessary also to take into account chemical contamination
of environment [17].
24.5 CONCLUSIONS
Our data and results reported in the literature show that chemical mutagens penetrate
in the cells and remain in them, probably in the form of compounds with proteins.
Thus, the synthesis of DNA and chromosomes in cells is damaged. The rough dam-
ages of chromosomal structure are not preserved in the new cells after division. Such
cells perish. The mutagens from environment can cause insignificant changes in the
structure of DNA and chromosomes. Such damages are transmitted to the subsequent
generations of cells after their division in a growing organ. In the analysis of effect of
chemical mutagens from the environment on cells, it is needed to take into account
inevitability of their presence in a cytoplasm and kernel of cells.
Although radiation causes the direct breaking of chromosomes, after an ionizing
radiation, secondary mutagens can also appear, if the radiation breaks the structure of
cell proteins.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Apart from other geneticists and plant breeders of the former USSR, I am thankful
to Iosif Abramovich Rapoport—he was a prominent scientist who lived a heroic life.
Even now in our everyday work, we use the chemical mutagens, which he discovered
and synthesized more than 50 years ago as well as his methodical advice.
Special thanks goes to Alexander V. Bukhonin for help in preparations of illustra-
tions.
KEYWORDS
Chemical mutagenesis
Colchicine
Ethylene imine
Plantlet
Rearrangement
Seed
Seeds
X-rays
REFERENCES
1. Rapoport, J. A.; Ketonic Connections and Chemical Mechanisms of Mutations. Doklaly Acad-
emy of Siences USSR (Press);
1946,
54(1),
65-68. (in Russian).
2. Auerbach, Ch.; and Robson, J. M.; Production of mutations by allyl isothiocyanate.
Nat.
1944,
154,
81.
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