Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Bioethanol with the lowest cost is obtained by the evaporation through the mem-
brane independent of the type of raw material for processing. Thus, when the bio-
ethanol production from the sugar beet (crude juice) by the azeotropic distillation was
used, the production cost of 1 ton of bioethanol was USD 1447.5 ($1.14 per 1 l), and
when the evaporation through the membrane was used—$1378.2 ($1.09 per 1 l) or
decreased by 4.8 percent.
The analogical dependence occurred when the bioethanol production from green
blackstrap molasses, syrup, and molasses took place. The lowest production cost of
bioethanol from molasses was obtained while using all three processing technologies.
Thus, the production of bioethanol from the molasses by azeotropic distillation the
production cost of 1 ton of bioethanol was $934.7 ($0.74 per 1 l), and it decreased by
7.4 percent-$865.5/t ($0.69 per 1 l) when the evaporation through the membrane was
used.
The calculations of the bioethanol production cost from sugar beet byproducts
show that the competitiveness ensures the bioethanol production from molasses using
the evaporation through the membrane.
It should be noted that the dehydration of the ethanol by the azeotropic rectifi cation
requires considerable operational and energy expenses. Ethanol dehydration technolo-
gies using the adsorption on molecular sieves and evaporation through the membrane
are less power-consuming ones. However, the ethanol dehydration by the evaporation
through the membrane requires signifi cant capital investment and the smooth/uninter-
rupted operation of the factory.
According to the data of Ukraine's State Statistics, the average annual consump-
tion of gasoline in the country varies within 4.7 million tons within years, including
agriculture—0.2 million tons (Table 22.9) [17-21].
TABLE 22.9
Fuel consumption and calculation of bioethanol needs in Ukraine
The needs of bioethanol for mixtures with gasoline
Consumed gasoline
6%
10%
Year
Including
the agri-
culture,
thousand
tons
Including
agriculture
(thousand
tons)
Total
(thou-
sand
tons)
Including the
agriculture
(thousand
tons)
Total
(thousand
tons)
Total
(thousand
tons)
2007
4821.8
299.0
289.3
17.9
482.2
29.9
2008
5061.1
288.5
303.7
17.3
506.1
28.9
2009
4696.1
216.0
281.8
13.0
469.6
21.6
2010
4632.7
231.6
278.0
13.9
463.3
23.2
2011
4401.3
224.5
264.1
13.5
440.1
22.5
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