Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
levels [1, 14, 15]. To systematically and effi ciently remove or reduce harmful anthro-
pogenic after-effects of the polluted areas, it is necessary to carry out a systematic
diagnostics of a soil surface condition that records the main tendencies of long-term
pollution processes [16].
With this end in view, mutagen activity of soil contaminants of the area adjacent
to Burshtynska TPS as to the frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations was
studied.
21.2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
To determine mutagen activity of soil pollutants of the area adjacent to Burshtynska
TPS (Ivano-Frankivsk region), a cytogenetic analysis of meristem cells of primary
roots of winter wheat plantlets (
Triticum aestivum
L.) of 'Albatross odeskyi' and
'Zymoiarka' cultivars was made. Seeds were kept for 40 min in moist soil, taken from
the place, which is 1, 3, 4, and 12 km from a pollution source on the axis of air mass
transfer and near ash-disposal area No 1. Soil sampling was done in accordance with
standard techniques [17] and the requirements of national standard No 17.04.3.01.83,
No 17.4.4.02.84.
Taking into consideration the fact that the soils of Poltava region were not polluted
with radionuclides as a result of Chernobyl catastrophe and heavy metal content was
much lower than permissible concentrations, [16] the soil sampled from the area near
Svatky, Hadiach district, Poltava region was taken as control. The analysis aimed at
identifying heavy metal content in soil samples was made in the department of agro-
ecology and analytical research of the NSC 'Institute of arable farming of the National
Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine.' The concentration of mobile forms of
lead in the soil samples taken from the area adjacent to TPS and ash-disposable area
No 1 was 1.0-1.5
maximum allowable concentrations and exceeded control level by
1.6-3.3 times.
Seeds were germinated at 24-26
°
С. Primary roots (0.8-1.0 cm long) were kept
in 'vinegar alcohol' and exposed to maceration in muriatic acid solution. Crushed
temporary preparations were made from the roots of apical meristem. When mitosis
disorder frequency and chromosome aberration were being determined, the cells in
an anaphase and early telophase were taken into account. The sample comprised of at
least 1,000 cells for each variant.
21.3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
21.3.1 FREQUENCY OF CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
Ukraine holds one of the first places in Europe as to the number of harmful emissions.
In Ivano-Frankivsk region, their amounts are 0.1-0.4 t/ha per year, which makes the
region equal to highly industrialized regions of the south-east area of the country as to
environmental pollution [18]. The process of coal burning is the main source of heavy
metals coming into a biosphere and an additional factor of the increase of natural
radiation background. Resultant concentration of metals per fuel ton is 500 g. Consid-
ering the fact that during the whole history of mankind, 130 billion tons of coal were
burnt and [19] 65 million tons of metals were emitted and additionally added to circula-
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