OF COMBINING ABILITIES OF MALE STERILITY LINES AND STERILITY BINDERS OF SUGAR BEETS AS TO SUGAR CONTENT - Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity - page 192

19.1 INTRODUCTION
Sugar content is an important element of the productivity of sugar beet, which is a
selection goal in the development of hybrids based on cytoplasm male sterility. Many
scientists pointed out that sugar content is characterized by a significant variation fac-
tor (from 15 to 21%), which was significantly lower compared to yield [1, 2]. Studying
the variability of populations of different origins, we found that the populations of the
same variability were characterized by different absolute values of the sugar content,
and vice versa [3]. Some scientists pointed at the appearance of transgress forms in the
offspring with a frequency 0.7-1.4 percent [4].
Variability of sugar content depends on either the genotypic factors or the condi-
tions of the environment and their interaction. The variability of this feature in popula-
tions depends mainly on the additive gene effects; in interline hybrids—on the addi-
tive and nonadditive effects [5-7]. However, the phenotypic expression of the sugar
content is infl uenced a lot by other factors (environmental, agronomic, and others) that
“mask” genetic parameters contributing to this feature, and create diffi culties in the
selection of genotypes.
“Cell method” (hexagonal method of organizing plants) with the intensity of se-
lection of 15 percent was used to equalize differences caused by the environment in
selection of some crops. Many authors indicated modifi cations in the areas of supply
of sugar beet. Hence, A.L. Mazlumov thought that the use of the extended area of
supply could identify all capabilities of the genotypes secured by nature [8]. He wrote
that the extended area of supply infl uenced the variability of useful traits of beets more
than special properties of soil or fertilizers. According to other researchers, it was
shown that sugar content was higher in the offspring selected in the extended area of
supply of the pioneers than in the selection on the normal area of supply. Moreover, the
expansion of the phenotypic variance into components—genotypic and environmen-
tal—showed that the proportion of the genotypic variance to total phenotypic variance
was higher in the extended area of supply [9].
19.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Maternal components are represented by two types—simple sterile hybrids (SSH) de-
rived from crosses of sterile (MS) lines with unrelated binder of sterility (BS) and MS
line—analogues of O type—was tested in the experiments in 2011-2012, conducted
at the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet in different environments. Back-
grounds were as follows: normal background of fertilizing—the common area of sup-
ply (NBCA), normal background—the extended area of supply (NBEA), increased
background of fertilizing—the common area (IBCA), and increased background—the
extended area of supply (IBEA).
19.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. Sugar content of SSH in the environments NBCA and NBEA. As the analy-
sis of sugar content revealed (Table 19.1), SSH was characterized by spe-
cific reaction to changes in the area of supply in the environments NBCA and
NBEA.