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factors, among which low temperature is the most important factor. In the fi rst half of
May, soil frost down to −5
°
С and sometimes even lower is possible. Usually, it affects
more the varieties of winter wheat, which renew the spring vegetation earlier [9].
In concrete conditions varieties with high adaptive properties, created or chosen
for a particular zone, can show their advantages, which is proved by practice, both in
Russia, as well as abroad, already a longtime ago.
Access to the tube and earing, when intensive growth of vegetative organs and the
formation of generative organs take place, is a critical period from the viewpoint of
water supply for the plants of winter wheat [10].
Hence, the selection of varieties and creation of initial material with high eco-
logical plasticity remains relevant for the south of Tyumen region. To determine the
adaptive potential of the culture and revelation of characters valuable for selection, a
complex evaluation of winter wheat samples from the world collection of N.I. Vavilov
Research Institute of Plant Industry is carried out.
The aim of the present study is the research of biological stability of winter wheat
plants relatively to environmental factors.
The particular tasks include the following:
-
Analyzing the biological stability of plants of winter wheat during five vegeta-
tion seasons (2007-2011);
-
Comparing the reaction of samples to meteorological factors according to the
character of plant survival; selecting the samples with stable display of this
character.
13.2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
A total of 118 collection samples of winter wheat, differing by origin, were tested; the
most of samples came from Krasnodar krai (13.6%), Samara region (7.6%), the United
States (10.9%), Ukraine (11.8%), and samples from foreign selection amounted 35.6
percent.
Based on morphological characters (color of ear and caryopsis, presence or ab-
sence of aristas, pubescence of ear scales), samples were attributed to six botanical
varieties:
lutescens
(Alef.) Mansf.,
albidum
Al.,
graecum
(Koern.) Mansf.,
erythro-
spermum
Korn.,
ferrugineum
(Alef.) Mansf.,
velutinum
Schubl.
Field tests of collection samples were carried out in 2007-2011 at the experimental
proof biological station “Lake Kuchak” of Tyumen State University (Nizhnetavdinsk
district of Tyumen region). The territory is moderately wetted, hydrothermal coef-
fi cient is 1.2-1.3. Annual precipitation total is 365 mm. Sum of positive temperatures
above 10
°
С is 1875 degree days [11]. Soil is cultivated sod-podzolic.
Sowing of samples was performed manually in late August, The plots of land con-
sisted of three rows. Each row was seeded at 200 seeds. The length of row was 1 m,
width of row spacing was 15 cm, and seeds were placed at the depth 5-6 cm. Allot-
ments were placed in tiers. Plants were harvested manually by pulling out with the
root.
Phenological observations and morphological description were performed accord-
ing to methodic guidelines for the research of world wheat collection, [12] Interna-
tional СМЕА classifi er of genus
Triticum
L. [13], and methodic guidelines (replenish-
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