PROBLEMS OF CARYOPSIS AND STABILITY OF WINTER AND SPRING FORMS OF CEREALS TO PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI OF GENUS FUSARIUM LINK - Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity - page 104

weight per spike and plant. There was a strong development of the disease on the in-
fectious background, which resulted in the decrease of yields compared to the control
samples by 38.1 percent on average.

11.4 CONCLUSIONS
It is shown on the example of cultivars of winter rye that in the process of storage
is reduced amounts of the seed, infected by the field microflora, and the portion of
seeds staggered by a mould microflora increases. After 550 days laboratory germina-
tion, length a mass of seedlings decreased by 77, 32, and 37.5 percent, respectively.
A decline of these indexes was more considerable at the protracted (7 years) storage.
Microfl ora of caryopsis, ability of seeds to germinate, and formation of biomass of
seedlings depend on meteorological factors. In cool-moist terms, Alternaria spp. and
Trichothecium spp. prevailed in microfl ora.
Seeds of winter-annual rye (a cultivar Chulpan), obtained in different ecological
terms: Tyumen and Ekaterinburg regions differed in quality, susceptibility to patho-
genic fungi, and the display of morphometric signs of plants in early ontogenesis.
Laboratory methods proved to be effective in the selection of plastic cultivars of
spring and winter forms of grain-crops for northern forest-steppe of Tyumen region.
The information obtined on the fi rst stages of development allows to control the
stability of plants in later ontogenesis.
In the growing season, characterized by a long warm autumn, conditions were
favorable for active growth of the pathogen. Effect of pathogen was aggravated by
soil and air drought in spring and summer. In the experimental variant with infectious
load, the inhibition of growth processes was observed, which manifested in signifi cant
reduction in breeding-valuable features to 26.21-67.70 percent.
Cultivars «Chulpan», «IL men» «Iset», and «Supermalysh 2» belong to the group
of resistant cultivars of winter rye, whereas the cultivars «Voshod 1», «8s-191 Ros-
sianka × Getera», «Desnyanka × Imerig», «Tetra», and «Siberia» have medium sus-
ceptibility.

KEYWORDS

￿ Infection background

￿ Microflora

￿ Pathogen stress

￿ Phytopathogenic fungi

￿ Stability

￿ Weevil

REFERENCES
1. Ivanov, P. K.; Spring Wheat. Moscow: Publishing House Kolos; 1971, 328 p (in Russian).
2. Kosogorova, E. A.; Protection of Field and Vegetable Crops from Diseases. Tyumen: Publishing
House of the Tyumen State University; 2002, 244 p (in Russian).