Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.3 Quantitative characteristics of spring wheat samples on the infectious background
of Fusarium spp.
Cultivar
Option
Length of sprout X ± m x
(сm)
Length of roots X ± m x
(сm)
Comet
Control
23.52 ± 0.61
14.09 ± 0.43
Experiment
21.75 ± 0.81
20.39 ± 0.81*
Saratovskaya 57
Control
22.09 ± 0.95
18.53 ± 0.33
Experiment
20.83 ± 0.71
19.30 ± 0.96
Mir 11
Control
24.25 ± 0.75
19.28 ± 0.71
Experiment
19.63 ± 0.75*
20.72 ± 0.62
Tyumenskaya 80
Control
26.02 ± 0.60
18.96 ± 0.57
Experiment
19.81 ± 0.67*
24.96 ± 0.42*
Note: *—The differences were statistically significant at P < 0.05.
Cases of stimulation of the growth processes of infected plants are described by
Rodigin, M.N. [10]. Often, this phenomenon is temporary and related with the physi-
ological characteristics of the pathogen. Intensive growth of roots and lagging behind
of aboveground parts of the plants can probably be explained by the fact that the
introduction of the pathogen into the roots of the plants leads to blockage of vascular
system, disrupts the transport of water and dissolved substances, reduces the rate of
photosynthesis and, therefore, produces a delay of plant development.
Extensive study including the assessment of the intensity of seed germination,
seedling variability of quantitative traits and primary root system, have allowed to
identify cultivars of spring wheat «Tyumenskaya 80», «Mir 11», «Saratovskaya 57»,
as the most resistant to infection.
Productivity of winter crop forms is dependent on a number of biotic (pathogens)
and abiotic (temperature, rainfall, etc.) factors. Pathogenic fungi that cause disease
play a negative role in plant growth and development. In particular, the snow mold,
which is caused by Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett ( Fusarium
nivale Ces. ex Berl. and Voglino), is dangerous. It is widely specialized facultative
parasite, always present in the soil.
One of the factors that determine the development of the fungus is the tempera-
ture. Fusarium nivale Ces. begins to develop at 5 o C; the optimal growth is observed
at 11-17°C [11, 12]. In our laboratory studies performed with U.B. Trofi mova [13],
the effect of temperature on the rate of development of the fungus was studied. By
cultivating the fungus in the thermostat at 20°C, 10°C, and 5°C on potato glucose agar
in Petri dishes with threefold repetition, we determined the diameter of the colony and
especially sporulation.
 
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