PROBLEMS OF CARYOPSIS AND STABILITY OF WINTER AND SPRING FORMS OF CEREALS TO PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI OF GENUS FUSARIUM LINK - Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity - page 100

Effect of long-term storage of seeds on the composition of the microfl ora (7 years)
is shown on the example of three cultivars of winter rye («Getera», «Pishma», «Vo-
shod1»). Grains of yield 2002 are characterized by greater cultivar of microorganisms
(5 genera), with a predominance of Alternaria spp. and Trichothecium spp. In samples
in 1996 was dominated by representatives of the mold. Approximately 100 percent of
the seeds were infected with Mucor SPP. Long-term storage affected the laboratory
germination of seeds, as well as the growth and development of seedlings, causing
a signifi cant reduction in the length of roots (54.6%), length of shoots (42.3%), and
weight of shoots (46.8%) (Table 11.1).

TABLE 11.1 The impact of long-term storage on the morphometric parameters of seedlings
(average of cultivars)

Deviation from the con-
trol (%)

Feature

Storage
7 years •

Control

Laboratory germination, % 94.0 34.3 −63.5

Length of roots, mm 134.1 ± 4.00 60.9 ± −54.6

3.92*

Number of roots, pcs. 5.5 ± 0.08 5.0 ± 0.69 −9.1

Weight of the roots, g 4.9 4.8 −2.0

The length of coleoptile, mm 47.4 ± 0.85 32.6 ± 1.93 −31.2

The length of the stem, mm 107.3 ± 2.22 61.9 ± −42.3

4.57*

Weight of the plant shoots, g 5.26 2.8 −46.8

Note: *—The differences with control were statistically significant at P < 0.05; control—harvest 2002; and
• storage of 7 years—harvest of 1996 year .

It is known that the cultivation of plants in different conditions gives the possi-
bility to study their investigate the occurrence of quantitative characteristics and the
resistance to environmental stress including pathogen that allows to detect ecological
plasticity of the material under test.
Evaluation of the presence of fungal infection of seeds of cultivar «Chulpan»
grown in soil and climatic conditions of northern forest-steppe region of Tyumen
(Tyumen) and Middle Ural (Yekaterinburg), revealed a high infestation.
The grains obtained in Yekaterinburg were affected by six genera of pathogenic
fungi, of which the most numerous were Alternaria spp. (40.0%), Mucor spp. (28.7%),
and Trichothecium spp. (25.4%). Members of the genus Helminthosporium spp., Fu-
sarium spp., and Penicillium spp. were found on 0.3, −1.8, and 3.9 percent of seeds,
respectively. The grains grown in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
were infected by Alternaria spp. (68.7%), Trichothecium spp. (14.9%), and Fusarium