Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
In addition to the short vegetation period in Siberia, also soil temperatures play an
important role for plant physiological processes of nodulating legumes.
TABLE 10.1
Soil temperature in 12-20 cm depth. Average of 3 measurements ± standard
derivation
Date (dd/mm/yy)
BBCH
Soil temperature (°C)
12/05/13
before seeding
10.0 ± 1.0
28/0513
09
14.6 ± 1.1
19/06/13
13
21.3 ± 2.5
08/08/13
74
20.0 ± 1.0
Optimal conditions for symbiotic fi xation are soil temperatures from 25 to 30°C
[14-16]. In contrast, the measured soil temperatures in Kuchak were only ±20
°
C until
BBCH 74 (Table 10.1) and may cause the slow increase of symbiotic activity.
10.5 CONCLUSION
Inoculation of soybeans with
B. japonicum
is necessary, otherwise no nodules for at-
mospheric nitrogen fixation will be developed under Siberian conditions. Due to low
soil temperatures below the optimal range for symbiotic activity, the significant effect
of inoculation shows up at a late stage of development (BBCH 75). Therefore, the
advantages of inoculation may be limited by Siberian climate conditions.
Local varieties are better adapted to local conditions, but genotypes from other
regions must be used to improve the local breeding.
KEYWORDS
Chlorophyll
Inoculation
Nitrogen fixation
Nodulation
Soybean
REFERENCES
1. Kiselev, S.; Romashkin, R.; Nelson, G. C.; Mason-D'Croz, D.; and Palazzo, A.; Russia's Food
Security and Climate Change: Looking into the Future. Economics—The Open-Access, Open
Assessment E-Journal;
2013,
7
(in Russian).
2. Faostat Crops—Russia—Soybeans—2009-2005—Production Quantity. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations,
2011
. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor Ac-
cessed on 20/08/2012.
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