Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Conditions for completion of all stages of ontogeny in 2012 can be characterized
as extremely dry. In June, the average daily air temperature is higher than average
long-term value for 4.1°С, the amount of precipitation from the norm was 63.7 per-
cent, the uneven distribution of the decades. To stress on the plants during this period
can be attributed to signifi cant difference in temperature between 7.6°С (08.06.) and
32.3°С (21.06.). The average daily temperature for the month of July was at 21.4°С for
the18.6°С long-term average, the amount of rainfall—24.3 mm at a rate of 84 mm, and
the number of days with precipitation—8. Conditions for grain fi lling and ripening in
August had not fared well. Despite the fact that in the second decade of precipitation
was 166.5% of the norm, they were not able to eliminate the effects of drought. The
average daily temperature for the month is high 17.7°С (14.5°С rate) and the amount
of rainfall is 29.3 mm (50.5% of normal).
In general, the studied material dominated the group with low survival spring
wheat plants (Figure 9.3). Increased resistance to stress factors were characterized by
hybrid F
3
, in which there was an equal ratio of groups with low and high survival rate,
while 80 percent of the parental varieties have experienced signifi cant inhibition of
growth processes and depression.
In 2013, the average daily temperature in June and July was close to the average
of many years, while August was warmer than usual to 1.3°С. The growing season
characterized by uneven distribution of rainfall resulted in a signifi cant shortage in
June and August (about 60% of normal) and abundance in July (142.4% of normal). It
should be noted that the excess moisture in July on background suffi ciently high tem-
peratures promoted the development of phytopathogenic fungi. The plants of spring
wheat marked the defeat of brown leaf rust and patchiness of different etiologies. In
a number of cases, the lesion was signifi cant. Integrated display of negative factors is
refl ected in the survival rates of plants.
In the allocation, the parental forms and hybrids F
4
identifi ed two groups in the
number of plants that have passed all phenological phases and formed a full grain. Av-
erages of biological stability possessed 60 percent of the original varieties and hybrids
70 percent. Additional hybrids identifi ed a combination with high survival plants,
while parental varieties were 40 percent (Figure 9.4).
Seed germination and survival of plants during the growing season can be con-
sidered as two important and inter-related traits, for the ability of seeds to germinate
under the circumstances, and integrated plant resistance to environmental factors. In
this regard, of particular value forms are capable of forming full-shoots with the fur-
ther passage of the stages of ontogeny. According to our data, in diffi cult conditions
in 2010, for the integrated display of signs stood hybrid combination ♀ Lyutestens
70 × ♂ Skent 1, which received 100 percent of seedlings and plants, were no deaths.
In 2013, this hybrid combination was characterized by the same very high levels of
fi eld germination (90.4%), the biological stability (63.5%). According to the 2011
best results were obtained in the two hybrid forms: ♀ Lyutescens 70 × ♂ Skent 3
(germination—83.5%, the survival rate—65.3%) and ♀ Hybrid × ♂ Skent 1 (germi-
nation—79.5%, the survival rate—68.1%). In 2012, the best results were obtained
in a hybrid combination ♀ Skent 3 × ♂ Skent 1 (germination—84.0%, the survival
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