Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
connected to cell wound-detection apparatus to become part of the cell wound-healing
machinery, and was then generalized at tissue level to become part of the machinery used
to close off tissue-scale holes. It is another illustration of an important theme in
morphogenesis
d
'new' morphogenetic events generally co-opt existing semi-autonomous
mechanisms and adapt them to a new purpose instead of inventing new ones.
Like many of the morphogenetic events described in this topic, closure of holes depends
on the concerted action of cells that perform essentially simple tasks (cable building and
contraction, lamellipodial locomotion) directed by local cues. No cell has to 'know' the shape
of a hole or where it is along the hole's circumference; as long as each cell performs its simple,
local tasks properly, the assembly of cells will organize itself automatically to close a small
hole of any shape.
It is important to note that the wound-healing response of adult skin is very different from
that seen in embryos. It uses a rapid deposition of matrix (clotting and scarring) and cell
migration of the lamellipodial rather than contractile ring (purse-string) type. There is consid-
erable research effort being expended on finding ways to persuade adult skin to heal by the
scarless embryonic route, which would allow post-operative wounds to heal into skin as good
as new.
27,28
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