Wind energy storage technologies - Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design - page 712

technique can be extended further to a 100% renewable energy system [31].
As a result, this combination is one of the most promising solutions in the
transition from a fossil fuel to a renewable energy system.
All three energy storage systems can drastically improve the integration of wind •

energy. However, due to the very large initial investment required to implement
any of these energy systems, it is very likely that either the HESS or the TESS/
EVs combination scenario will begin to compete with one another as the primary
solution to integrating renewable energy. To decide which of these is the most
benefi cial will depend on whole range of issues including: (1) wind, wave, solar
and tidal resource available; (2) biomass potential; (3) electricity, heating and
transport demands; (4) energy system infrastructure already in place and so on.

In relation to the other technologies discussed in this chapter BES, FES, SMES,
SCES and ACTES are always going to be used within the power sector but future
operational breakthroughs are unlikely. Finally, although CAES reduces the
amount of gas required it still uses gas for electricity production and therefore is
likely to be a transition technology rather than a long-term solution depending on
future availability of gas within the energy system.
After considering all the technologies, it is clear that integrating the electricity,
heat and transport sectors of an energy system is probably the most effective
method of increasing renewable energy usage. The additional fl exibility that occurs
by integrating these systems enables the grid operator to utilise the intermittent
renewable resources more effectively. It is only then, after all these systems have
been joined together, that individual energy storage technologies should be added
as additional fl exibility, especially if under current economic constraints.

References

[1] Cheung, K.Y., Cheung, S.T., Navin, De Silva, R.G., Juvonen, M.P., Singh, R. &
Woo, J.J., Large-Scale Energy Storage Systems , Imperial College London,
2003.
[2] Gonzalez, A., Ó'Gallachóir, B., McKeogh, E. & Lynch, K., Study of electricity
storage technologies and their potential to address wind energy Intermittency
in Ireland. Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2004 http://www.sei.ie/Grants/Renew-
able_Energy_RD_D/Projects_funded_to_date/Wind/Study_of_Elec_Storage_
Technologies_their_Potential_to_Address_Wind_Energy_Intermittency_in_Irl/.
[3] Baxter, R., Energy storage - a nontechnical guide, Oklahoma, PennWell
Corporation, 2006.
[4] Sanidia National Laboratories, Energy Storage Systems, 2003. http://www.
sandia.gov/ess/Technology/technology.html
[5] Wikipedia, Pumped-storage hydroelectricity, 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity
[6] Fulihara, T., Imano, H. & Oshima, K., Development of pump turbine for
seawater pumped-storage power plant. Hitachi Review , 47(5) , pp. 199-202,
1998.