Wind energy storage technologies - Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design - page 697

outlined a roadmap for Denmark to use this setup in achieving a 100% renewable
energy system at a lower cost than a conventional energy system [31]. Therefore, it
is evident this technology can play a crucial role in future energy systems.
4.11 Electric vehicles
The fi nal energy storage system that will be discussed in this chapter is the deploy-
ment of EVs. Once again, system fl exibility and hence feasible wind penetrations
are increased with the introduction of EVs into the transport sector. As illustrated
in Fig. 20, EVs can feed directly from the power grid while stationary, at indi-
vidual homes or at common recharging points, such as car parks or recharging
stations. By implementing EVs, it is possible to make large-scale BES economi-
cal, combat the huge oil dependence within the transport sector and drastically
increase system fl exibility (by introducing the large-scale energy storage) [32].
Consequently, similar to the HESS and the TESS, EVs also provide a method of
integrating existing energy systems more effectively.
4.11.1 Implementation of EV technology
EVs can be classifi ed under three primary categories: (1) battery electric vehicles
(BEV), (2) smart electric vehicles (SEVs) and (3) vehicle to grid (V2G).
4.11.2 Applications of EV technology
BEVs are plugged into the electric grid and act as additional load. In contrast,
SEVs have the potential to communicate with the grid. For example, at times of
high wind production, it is ideal to begin charging EVs to avoid ramping centra-
lised production. In addition, at times of low wind production, charging vehicles
should be avoided if possible until a later stage. V2G EVs operate in the same way
Wind Power
Electric Vehicles at
Individual Homes
Transmission
System
Power Plants
Electric Vehicles at
Common Car Parks or
Recharging Stations
Figure 20: Schematic of electric vehicles and electric power grid.