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Figure 13 : Structural model.
turbine towers are subjected to ever greater wind and wave forces. Thus, it is
necessary to analyse the dynamics and minimize the response of wind turbine
towers to simultaneous actions of joint wind and wave loadings, instead of just the
wind loading as in the onshore case.
6.1 Simple model for offshore towers
A model for analysis of an offshore wind turbine tower can in general be repre-
sented by a discrete MDOF system [64]. A simple schematic model of an off-
shore tower is shown in Fig. 13 [65]. The response of such an MDOF system
under joint wind and wave loading subjected at the nodes can be calculated by
a time-history integration using a standard technique like Runge-Kutta of suit-
able order. A fatigue analysis can be performed using the rainfl ow counting
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