Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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Figure 14 : 2D mesh generated by a hyperbolic generator.
which cannot easily be checked by hand calculations. An example of such methods
are the modifi cation of the AD and actuator line method initiated by J. Sørensen
and further developed by R. Mikkelsen. Another promising fi eld of application is
site-assessment and wind-farm optimization. The second torque conference at
Copenhagen in 2007 gives an impressive report of the progress which has been
made in this fi eld. One has to bear in mind that the usual problems with turbulence
modeling are the same as in other fi elds mentioned above.
4 Experiments
4.1 Field rotor aerodynamics
From 1992 to 1997, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducted large-scale
comparisons of measurements on research-type wind turbines. The project was
termed Annex 14 [52] and was designed to
•
validate and develop design codes,
•
investigate design principles for stall controlled turbines.
Five turbines from ECN in the Netherlands, IC/RAC in the UK, NREL in the
USA, RISO in Denmark and DUT in the Netherlands were considered. The diam-
eter ranged from 10 to 27 m. The profi les used were quiet diverse, ranging from the
NACA 44xx and NACA 632xx to the NLF 0416 and the S809. One objective was
to investigate the correlation of measured performance and 2D-profi le data from
wind tunnel measurements.
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