Glossary - Construction Project Scheduling and Control - page 481

Late Finish (for an activity) (LF) —The latest date on which an activity can finish
without extending the project duration.
Late Start (for an activity) (LS) —The latest date on which an activity can start
without extending the project duration.
Lead —A negative Lag .
Lean Construction —Lean construction is a holistic facility design and delivery
philosophy with an overarching aim of maximizing value to all stakeholders
through systematic, synergistic, and continuous improvements in the contractual
arrangements, the product design, the construction process design and methods
selection, the supply chain, and the workflow reliability of site operations
(Dr. T. Abdelhamid, https://www.msu.edu/user/tariq/Learn_Lean.html).
Here is another definition (Koskela et al., 2002): lean construction is a way to
design production systems to minimize waste of materials, time, and effort in
order to generate the maximum possible amount of value.
Least-Cost Duration (LCD) —The duration of an activity associated with the Least
Cost Schedule .
Least-Cost Schedule —A CPM schedule accelerated to reach the point where the
total cost of the project (direct and indirect) is minimum. If the duration of the
schedule increases or decreases, the total cost will increase.
LienWaiver —A document from a contractor, subcontractor, vendor, equipment
lessor, or other party to the construction project (the claimant) stating he or she
has received payment and waives any future lien rights to the property (of the
owner).
Linear Scheduling Method (LSM) —A scheduling method that consists of a simple
diagram showing the location and time at which a certain crew will be working
on a given operation. It is most suited for construction projects with few linear
activities (usually with large quantities) that have to be done in the same order
or sequence but can, and do, overlap (e.g., heavy construction projects, such as
roads, earthwork, or utility piping).
Line of Balance (LOB) Method —See Linear Scheduling Method (LSM) .
Liquidated Damages —A stipulation in a contract of a monetary amount that must
be paid by the contractor if the contractor fails to satisfactorily complete the
project by the contract finish date. Liquidated damages are usually assessed per
day of delay and they may increase after a certain number of days (e.g., $1,000
per day for the first week, $1,500 per day for the second week, and so on).
Litigation —The process of carrying on a legal contest by judicial process. The
parties submit their disputes to the jurisdiction and procedures of federal or state
courts for resolution.
Logic Loop —A circular logical relationship between two activities in a network; that
is, each one is a predecessor and a successor to the other one. A loop is an error
that must be corrected or else CPM calculations (whether manually or by
computer) will halt.
Logic Network —A diagram showing project activities and their logical relationships
(interdependencies)