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environmental conditions. It is often found by experience that mixtures of
ionic and nonionic materials produce results superior to those from either
pure material at the same total surfactant concentration. Propose an explana-
tion for the common synergistic effect of surfactant combinations.
4.9. Calculate the critical packing parameters for the following surfactants and
suggest what type of micelle or aggregate they will most likely form just
above their critical micelle concentrations: sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium
laurate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol
monooleate, di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, CH
3
COO
รพ
N(C
4
H
9
)
3
(C
12
H
25
),
and sodium triisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate.
4.10. Industrial nonionic surfactants of the POE family are composed of a range of
POE chain lengths, making them subject to possible batch-to-batch variations
in some surfactant properties. Suggest a possible physical method for re-
ducing the polydispersity of the POE chain distribution based on the known
surfactant properties of the family.
