Database Reference
In-Depth Information
Shutting Down the CDB
The DBA can shut down a database instance with SQL*Plus by connecting as a user with
SYSOPER, SYSDBA, SYSBACKUP, or SYSDG privileges and then issuing the
SHUTDOWN
command. When the shutdown is complete, control is returned to the session that issued
the database
SHUTDOWN
command. If a user attempts to connect while a shutdown is in
progress, an error message similar to this will be returned:
SQL> connect c##cdbuser/common
ERROR:
ORA-01089: immediate shutdown or close in progress - no operations are permitted
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SQL>
The valid modes to shut down a database are normal, transactional, immediate, and
abort.
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
waits for all users to disconnect.
SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL
waits
for users to complete either by committing or rolling back pending transactions before
shutting down.
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
rolls back any pending transactions prior to shutting
down.
SHUTDOWN ABORT
stops all processes immediately.
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
CDB Instance
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
is the default, so the
NORMAL
clause is optional. Issuing
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
disallows new connections and waits for all current connections to disconnect from the
database. Just be aware that the database will not shut down until all users disconnect. If
you're in a hurry or need to run a scheduled task with the database down, then
SHUTDOWN
NORMAL
is probably not the right command option at this time:
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
The next time you start up the database, it will not require instance recovery.
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
CDB Instance
For a DBA,
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
is a very useful command that safely brings the database
down as quickly as possible. Use the
IMMEDIATE
option in the following situations:
When you need to start a cold backup
■
When server maintenance, a restart, or power down is required and the databases need
to be brought offline
■
When you need to restart the database because the database is functioning abnormally
■
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