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Fig. 1.2. Second forward pass.
discovered path. For example, bees
B
1
,
B
2
,and
B
3
compared all generated
partial solutions in the decision-making process, which resulted in bee
B
1
s
decision to abandon previously generated path, and join bee
B
2
. While
bees
B
1
and
B
2
fly together along the path generated by bee
B
2
,atthe
end of the path they will make individual decisions about the next node
to be visited. Bee
B
3
continues to fly along the discovered path without
recruiting the nestmates (see Fig. 1.2). In this way, bees are performing a
forward pass again.
During the second forward pass, bees will visit few more nodes,
expand previously created partial solutions, and subsequently perform the
backward pass to return to the hive (node
O
). Following the decision-
making process in the hive, forward and backward passes continue and
the iteration ends upon visiting all nodes. Various heuristic algorithms
describing bees behavior and/or “reasoning” (such as algorithms describing
ways in which bees decide to abandon the created partial solution, to
continue to expand the same partial solution without recruiting the
nestmates or to dance and thus recruit the nestmates before returning to the
created partial solution) could be developed and tested within the proposed
BCO metaheuristic.
1.3.2.4.
Artificial Wasp Colony
(
AWC
)
In both nature and marketing, complex design can emerge from distributed
collective processes. In such cases the agents involved-whether they are
social insects or humans-have limited knowledge of the global pattern they
