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created partial solution and become again uncommitted follower, continue
to expand the same partial solution without recruiting the nestmates, or
dance and thus recruit the nestmates before returning to the created partial
solution. Thus, depending on its quality, each bee exerts a certain level of
loyalty to the path leading to the previously discovered partial solution.
During the second forward pass, bees expand previously created partial
solutions, after which they return to the hive in a backward pass and engage
in the decision-making process as before. Series of forward and backward
passes continue until feasible solution(s) are created and the iteration ends.
The ABC also solves combinatorial optimization problems in stages (see
Fig. 1.1).
Fig. 1.1. First forward and backward pass.
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