Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Continued
Cultivation
conditions
Yield
(g/L)
Molecular
weight
D : L
ratio
Refere-
nces
Bacillus
strains
Nutrients
1.0 x 10
5
-
2.0 x 10
6
B. subtilis
IFO 3335
Glutamic acid (30
g/L), citric acid (20
g/L)
10-20
17 : 83
[37]
37°C, 2
days
6.0 x 10
5
-
1.6 x 10
6
B. subtilis
TAM-
4
Fructose (75 g/L),
NH
4
Cl (18 g/L)
20
78 : 22
[38]
30°C, 4
days
B. licheniformis
A35
Glucose (75 g/L),
NH
4
Cl (18 g/L)
59 : 41
[39]
30°C, 3-5
days
8-12
3.0 - 5.0 x
10
5
1.20 x 10
6
B. subtilis
F02-1 Glutamic acid (70
g/L), glucose (1
g/L), veal infusion
broth (20 g/L)
30°C, 2-3
days
50
55 : 45
[34,35]
2.0 x 10
4
B. subtilis
NRRL
B2612
Wheat gluten (200
g/L)
10-14
52 : 48
[7]
33°C, 2-3
days
1.1 x 10
6
B. subtilis
var.
polyglutamicum
Glucose (50 g/L),
urea (7.5 g/L)
17-19
40 : 60
[9]
30°C, 3-4
days
B. subtilis
(natto)
MR 141
Maltose (60 g/L),
soy sauce (70 g/L),
sodium glutamate
(30 g/L)
35
-
-
[40]
40°C, 3-4
days
B. subtilis
(natto)
Glucose (8%),
sodium L-
glutamate (10%)
35
1.5 - 3.0 x
10
6
52 : 48
[15]
37°C, 2
days
Table 2. Physical and chemical parameters of
γ
-PGA characterized by several
instrumental techniques (Source: Ho et al. 2006)
Form of poly(
γ
-glutamic acid)
a
Instrumental analysis
H
+
Na
+
K
+
NH
4
+
Ca
2+
Mg
2+
1
H-NMR (400 MHz, D
2
O,
30°C)
Chemical shift in ppm:
α CH
3.98
4.00
3.68
4.18
4.08
1.98,
1.80
1.99,
1.80
1.68,
1.48
2.16,
1.93
2.05,
1.88
β CH
2
2.19
2.19
1.93
2.38
2.31
γ CH
2
13
C-NMR (67.9 MHz, D
2
O,
30°C)
Chemical shift in ppm:
α CH
56.43
62.21
62.21
62.10
31.61
35.16
36.17
35.11
β CH
2
