Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.11
continued
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Water pollution is a serious issue in many areas, but water supply is an even more
important issue than energy in many parts of the world. The water which human-
ity can use easily is about 0.01-0.02 % of the water on the planet—the freshwater
existing in the rivers and lakes, and stored in glaciers and underground aquifers
(Fig.
2.12
). According to the UNDP (United Nations Development Programme),
one in five developing countries' population (about 1.1 billion people) cannot be as-
sured of the water needed for farming. These water shortages become more severe
with population growth. Currently 884 million people do not have access to 'safe'
drinking water in the world. The water environment is thus threatened not just in
quality but also quantity.
Food is also an important issue. Malnourished people in the world now are esti-
mated at 925 million, of which 563 million (corresponding to two thirds) are living
in the Asia-Pacific Ocean region. The food self-sufficiency rate in Japan has fallen
to 40 % in a calorie basis. Since the environment for food production may worsen
due to global warming, the countries that are not able to be self-sufficient in food
and the associated risks of food shortages are growing. These problems have to be
considered in parallel with environmental issues.
