Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 1.5 Growth of worldwide resource extraction under current 'Business as usual'. (Friend of
the Earth Europe/SERI 2009 )
Fig. 1.6 Shares of global resource extraction by world region. (SERI/WU Vienna 2014 )
consumption per unit of GDP (Fig. 1.7 ), Africa is the continent with the highest
resource intensity, with African countries consuming almost 7 kg of domestic re-
sources per dollar of GDP produced; compared with a global average of ~ 1.5 kg/
GDP$ (FOE 2009 ) due to the dominance of resource-intensive mining in African
economies.
Future Demand Trends Two further key factors make Africa increasingly impor-
tant in determining whether global sustainability is achievable: population growth
and projected economic growth rates. IMF ( 2013 ) projections show that while GDP
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