Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
R = { R i } and G = { g lm } represent the recovery rate of phosphorus related goods
i, and the recovery technology coefficient denotes that additional input of goods
and services, m , to recover one unit of phosphorus-related goods, I , as shown in
Table 9.3 .
The Leontief inverse matrix sets an import and inflow endogenous type multi-
plier:
=−−
B I I mA
1
[ (
)]
(9.7)
where à is the input coefficient matrix as defined in Eq. (9.3) and m is the diagonal
matrix of the import ratio (the ratio of imports to total domestic demand). Note that
the m of yellow phosphorus is set to zero, as 100 % of yellow phosphorus is im-
ported because Japan does not have a domestic facility to produce it. Thus, in this
analysis, the demand of yellow phosphorus implies the demand of imported yellow
phosphorus.
In following scenario analyses, Ã is calculated by additional inputs (both posi-
tive and negative value) plus the default value of the intermediate input. The inno-
vative effects of new phosphorus recovery technology in each scenario are derived
by:
1
(9.8)
X
=−−
[ (
I
I m A'
)]
Y
where Y is the final demand vector.
9.3.4
Results
9.3.4.1
Phosphorus Requirement for Economic Activity
Figure 9.2 shows the amounts of phosphorus, estimated using C MP , contained in
products corresponding to production amounts of 1 million yen as well as the de-
mand for phosphorus as a material ('material' refers to wet phosphoric acid, dry
phosphoric acid, and yellow phosphorus). The results show that 1 million yen of
rice and beef contain 1.71 and 0.02 kg of phosphorus respectively, and that a domes-
tic demand for 10.08 and 2.10 kg of phosphorus arises in order to produce the fertil-
izer, feed, and agricultural chemicals required for their production. Food services
corresponding to 1 million yen contain 0.05 kg of phosphorus, and a demand for
0.41 kg of phosphorus arises in order to supply it. In the demand for phosphorus in
food services, in addition to the demand of food origin, there is also an influx in the
form of detergents and food additives. The demand in these three sectors is mainly
for wet phosphorus acid (required for fertilizer production), but it is expected that
the proportion of phosphorus derived from dry phosphoric acid will be greater in
the industrial sectors.
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