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Fig. 2. A typical non-local spin injection signal observed in the graphene spin valves at
RT.
Fig. 3. The observed linear dependence of the spin voltage for the injection electric
current in the MLG spin-valves.
where
P
is the spin polarization, Λ
sf
is the spin flip length,
L
is the gap length
between two FM electrodes,
I
INJECT
is the injected electric current,
R
F
and
R
N
are spin accumulation resistances of FM and NM, respectively, which
is defined as (the conductivity) × (the spin diffusion length)/(the cross-
sectional area). From Eq. (1), it is interpreted that the linear dependence is
