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in the field or in a lab. By getting involved in skeletal biology field and/or lab research, you
can gain experience recognizing human variation, learn logistical and methodological skills
for data collection/analysis, and make valuable connections with professors and graduate
students. These field and lab research opportunities will help you open doors and gain the
competence and confidence to pursue a research project of your own. As a student of anthro-
pology, you probably have few reservations about travelling overseas to study a skeletal
collection. Before you go off on a big research adventure domestically or abroad, it is better
to have your project methodology outlined in terms of both data collection and statistical
analysis. Will you measure every bone or just the left femora and tibiae? Will you include
or exclude the malleolus in your tibial measurements? Will you be able to incorporate the
revised Fully method to validate your new stature formulae? Developing new stature
formulae and testing the validity of these formulae on independent samples will help
improve our results for stature estimation to build the biological profile of unidentified
human skeletal remains in both forensic and bioarchaeological contexts.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I (MKM) would like to thank my husband and newborn infant son, along with all my
students and colleagues for their patience throughout this long and grueling process. This
project would not have happened without the motivation and inspiration from my collabo-
rator and dear friend Dr. Elizabeth DiGangi.
REFERENCES
Abrahamyan, D.O., Gazarian, A., Braillon, P.M., 2008. Estimation of stature and length of limb segments in children
and adolescents from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Pediatric Radiology 38 (3), 311 e 315.
Allbrook, D., 1961. The estimation of stature in British and East African males. Based on tibial and ulnar bone
lengths. Journal of Forensic Medicine 8, 15 e 28.
Auerbach, B.M., Ruff, C.B., 2010. Stature estimation formulae for indigenous North American populations.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology 141 (2), 190 e 207.
Balthazard, I., Dervieux, A., 1921. [Anthropological study on the human fetus]. Annales deM ´ decine L ´ gale 1, 37 e 42.
Bass, W.M., 1979. Developments in the identification of human skeletal material (1968 e 1978). American Journal of
Physical Anthropology 51 (4), 555 e 562.
Bertillon, A., 1885. [Anthropometric Identification]. Melun, France, 65.
Bidmos, M., 2005. On the non-equivalence of documented cadaver lengths to living stature estimates based on
Fully's method on bones in the Raymond A. Dart Collection. Journal of Forensic Sciences 50 (3), 501 e 506.
Bidmos, M., 2006. Adult stature reconstruction from the calcaneus of South Africans of European descent. Journal of
Clinical Forensic Medicine 13 (5), 247 e 252.
Bidmos, M., 2008. Stature reconstruction using fragmentary femora in South Africans of European descent. Journal
of Forensic Sciences 53 (5), 1044 e 1048.
Bogin, B., 1988. Patterns of Human Growth. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Breitinger, E., 1937. [Assessment of stature from the length of limb bones]. Anthropologischer Anzeiger 14, 249 e 274.
B¨ chi, E.C., 1950. [Changes in limb proportions of adult humans]. Anthropologische Forschungen 1, 1 e 44.
Buikstra, J.E., Ubelaker, D.H., 1994. Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains: Proceedings of
a seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History, organized by Jonathan Haas. Arkansas Archeological Survey,
Fayetteville, AR.
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