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with customers. Abundant products and customer information, including click
stream data logs and user behavior, etc., can be acquired from the websites.
Product layout optimization, customer trade analysis, product suggestions, and
market structure analysis can be conducted by text analysis and website mining
technologies. As reported in [
2
], the quantity of mobile phones and tablet PC first
surpassed that of laptops and PCs in 2011. Mobile phones and Internet of Things
based on sensors are opening a new generation of innovation applications, and
searching for larger capacity of supporting location sensing, people oriented, and
context operation.
Evolution of Network Applications
: The early Internet mainly provided email and
webpage services. Text analysis, data mining, and webpage analysis technologies
have been applied to the mining of email contents and building search engines.
Nowadays, most applications are web-based, regardless of their application
field and design goals. Network data accounts for a major percentage of the
global data volume. Web has became a common platform for interconnected
pages, full of various kinds of data, such as text, images, videos, pictures,
and interactive contents, etc. Therefore, plentiful advanced technologies used
for semi-structured or unstructured data emerged at the right moment. For
example, the image analysis technology may extract useful information from
pictures, e.g., face recognition. Multimedia analysis technologies can be applied
to the automated video surveillance systems for business, law enforcement, and
military applications. Since 2004, online social media, such as Internet forums,
online communities, blogs, social networking services, and social multimedia
websites, etc., provide users with great opportunities to create, upload, and share
contents generated by users. Different user groups may search for daily news and
celebrity news, publish their social and political opinions, and provide different
applications with timely feedback.
Evolution of Scientific Applications
: Scientific research in many fields is acquir-
ing massive data with high-throughput sensors and instruments, such as astro-
physics, oceanology, genomics, and environmental research. The U.S. National
Science Foundation (NSF) has recently announced the BIGDATA Research
Initiative to promote research efforts to extract knowledge and insights from
large and complex collections of digital data. Some scientific research disci-
plines have developed massive data platforms and obtained useful outcomes.
For example, in biology, iPlant [
3
] applies network infrastructure, physical
computing resources, coordination environment, virtual machine resources, and
inter-operative analysis software and data service to assist researches, educators,
and students in enriching all plant sciences. IPlant dataset have high varieties
in form, including specification or reference data, experimental data, analog or
model data, observation data, and other derived data.
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