Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
• Detect power- and noise-related failures.
• Detect solder opens and shorts.
• Isolate timing-related failures.
• Detect data retention errors.
Conventional memory diagnostic software can't do these things because it must rely on the fixed
access parameters set up by the memory controller hardware in the motherboard chipset. This
prevents the software from being capable of altering the timing and methods used to access the
memory. You might have memory that fails in one system and works (mostly) in another when the
chips are actually bad. This type of intermittent problem is almost impossible to detect with
diagnostic software. Two companies making testers include CST (
www.simmtester.com
)
and Tanisys
(
www.tanisys.com
)
.
For smaller companies, repair shops, and individuals that must rely on PC-based memory testing, I
recommend two programs:
•
Microsoft Windows Memory Diagnostic
—
http://oca.microsoft.com/en/windiag.asp
; also
included in Windows Vista and later versions.
•
Memtest86
—
www.memtest86.com
Both of these programs offer a comprehensive set of memory tests in a bootable CD-ROM format and
are available for downloading at no charge. This means that no software needs to be installed on the
PC being tested; you merely boot from the test CD and run the diagnostics.
Special Tools for the Enthusiast
All the tools described so far are commonly used by most technicians. However, a few additional
tools do exist that a true PC enthusiast might want to have.
Electric Screwdriver
Perhaps the most useful tool I use is an electric screwdriver. It enables me to disassemble and
reassemble a PC in record time and makes the job not only faster but easier as well. I like the type
with a clutch you can use to set how tight it will make the screws before slipping; such a clutch makes
the tool even faster to use. If you use the driver frequently, it makes sense to use the type with
replaceable, rechargeable batteries, so when one battery dies you can quickly replace it with a fresh
one.
Caution
Note that using an electric screwdriver when installing a motherboard can be dangerous
because the bit can easily slip off the screw and damage the board. A telltale series of swirling
scratches near the screw holes on the board can be the result, for which most manufacturers
rightfully deny a warranty claim. Be especially careful if your motherboard is retained with
Phillips-head screws because they are extremely easy for the bit to slip out of.
Temperature Probe
Determining the interior temperature of a PC is often useful when diagnosing whether heat-related
