Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1
Platinum Exposure in Different Industries
Time of
No. and type of
sampling
Exposure group
a
samples
b
Parameter measured
c
Result, average
Reference
Refi nery
1977-1979
Residue
1; area
Total dust
0.5
µ
g/m
3
Baker
et al
., 1990
Recovery
9; area
Total dust
5.3
µ
g/m
3
Recovery, sampling
4; area
Total dust
2.7
µ
g/m
3
Refi nery
3; area
Total dust
10.7
µ
g/m
3
Refi nery, tray room
4; area
Total dust
27.1
µ
g/m
3
Analytical laboratories
3; area
Total dust
0.4
µ
g/m
3
Warehouse
8; area
Total dust
8.6
µ
g/m
3
Air conditioning unit
3; area
Total dust
0.6
µ
g/m
3
1981
Refi nery, recovery, warehouse area
75; area
Total dust
50-70 %
≥
2
µ
g/m
3
Brooks
et al
., 1990
1984
Platinum-processing department
2; area
Total dust
<0.2
µ
g/m
3
(detection limit)
Bolm-Audorff
et al
., 1992
1986
Platinum-processing department
2; area
Total dust
0.08
µ
g/m
3
, 0.1
µ
g/m
3
Filter press
2; personal
<0.05
µ
g/m
3
(detection limit)
1986
Maintenance, incinerator
566
Total dust
27 % >2
µ
g/m
3
Calverley
et al
., 1995
security, canteen and
45
all <2
µ
g/m
3
cleaning, messengers,medical
center, laboratories,
boilerhouse, changehouse
1976-1995
PGM refi nery
8573; area, personal
Total dust,
5.1%
≥
2
µ
g/m
3
Linnett and Hughes, 1999
soluble platinum
maximum 234
µ
g/m
3
1989-1991
Chemical process operators
380; area, personal
Total dust;
2.4 % > 2
µ
g/m
3
in PGM refi nery
soluble platinum
Refi ning platinum
35
Respirable soluble
Long-term sampling
Maynard
et al
., 1997
platinum
0.663
µ
g/m
3
, max 2.210
µ
g/m
3
;
Short-term sampling
2.53
µ
g/m
3
, max 725.96
µ
g/m
3
Manufacturing of platinum chemicals
1976-1995
TPC production
511; area, personal
Total dust, soluble
48.3
≥
2
µ
g/m
3
,
Linnett and Hughes,1999
platinum
max 6500
µ
g/m
3
1989-1991
Chemical process operators
130; area, personal
Total dust; soluble
28.5 % >2
µ
g/m
3
in TPC production
platinum
Catalyst production
1992-1993
56 area 22, personal
Total dust, soluble
Low exposure area
Merget
et al
.,
platinum ,
1992: 0.0066
µ
g/m
3
,
1999, 2000, 2002
Total dustsoluble
max 0.0086
µ
g/m
3
platinum
1993: 0.0004
µ
g/m
3
,
max 0.0015
µ
g/m
3
< 0.01
µ
g/m
3
for soluble salts,
< 0.085
µ
g/m
3
for total Pt
High exposure area
