Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
64
32
16
8
b
2
m-U
Prot-U
AIb-U
Symbol
n
Group N
−
−
−
66
4
+
−
−
1
+
3
−
−
Group P
−
+
−
8
2
+
+
−
2
−
+
+
1
+
+
+
8
1
Group N:r = 0.59 P < 0.001
0.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Cd body burden (mg)
FIGURE 6
Urinary cadium level as a function of estimated cadmium body-burden for cadmium workers (active,
retired, removed from cadmium exposure) with liver and renal-cortical cadmium above the detection limits (CdL
≥
10
p.p.m., CdKc
50 p.p.m.). Regression line for subjects without renal dysfunction: o—o, group N. The individual values
of the subjects with renal dysfunction(s) (Group P, n = 23) are plotted with different symbols to distinguish between
those with increased proteinuria (Prot-U)
≥
β
2
-microglobulinuria (
β
2
m-U) or albuminuria (Alb-U), or a combination of
these (From Roels
et al
., 1982).
TABLE 6
Tissue Levels of Metallothionein in Humans and Rats
Method
Media
Concentration ng/mL
Status
Reference
Normal
*
RIA
Sera (human)
0.01-1
Nordberg
et al
. (1982)
Abnormal
*
RIA
Sera (human)
>2
Nordberg
et al
. (1982)
Normal
*
RIA
Urine (human)
1-10
Nordberg
et al
. (1982)
Abnormal
*
RIA
Urine (human)
>10
Nordberg
et al
. (1982)
RIA
Urine (human)
1880
µ
g/g CR
Itai-Itai patients
Tohyama
et al
. (1981)
880
µ
g/g CR
Cd-polluted area
394
µ
g/g CR
Nonpolluted areas
ELISA
Liver (rat)
18
µ
g/g
Chan
et al
. (1993)
ELISA
Kidney (rat)
30
µ
g/g
Chan
et al
. (1993)
ELISA
Kidney (rat)
35
µ
g/g
Liu
et al
. (1994)
Normal
*
Urine (human)
120 and 210
µ
g/g
Shaikh
et al
. (1987)
Abnormal
*
CR
Abnormal
*
320 and 1050
CR
*
Occupational exposure.
Abnormal indicates presence of low mol weight proteinuria.
Source: modifi ed from Nordberg and Nordberg (2002).
