Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
2.4 Cadmium
In general, cadmium compounds are weakly muta-
genic in most assay systems (Filipic and Hei, 2004),
but they have been shown to be genotoxic (Yang
et al.
,
2003). The mechanism by which cadmium may be gen-
otoxic is by indirectly inducing oxidative stress in cells
as a result of its inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and
depletion of antioxidant molecules such as GSH (Stohs
et al.
, 2000). Cadmium has been reported to be very
active in inducing apoptosis in a wide variety of cells,
because of its induction of oxidative stress (Aydin
et al.
,
2003; Bagchi
et al.
, 2000; Jimi
et al.
, 2004; Poliandri
et al.
,
2003; Shin
et al.
, 2004; Tzirogiannis
et al.
, 2003; Watjen
et al.
, 2002). Cadmium has also been shown to inhibit
DNA repair (Buchko
et al.
, 2000; Hartwig
et al.
, 2002a;
2002b; Waisberg
et al.
, 2003; Zharkov and Rosenquist,
2002).
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