Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
a dense canopy. They are costly to establish due to the large numbers of
trees needed: up to 2,178 per acre. Space rows about 10 feet apart.
Vertical Axis Designs
There are many vertical axis designs, and they are often used in new com-
mercial apple orchards and are adaptable to pears and sweet cherries. Other
names you may hear include the “axe,” “V-axe,” “French axe,” and “slender ax-
is.” All are similar and differ mainly in pruning techniques and how the trees
are managed. The V-axe uses more trees per acre and splits the canopy into
a V shape.
Axis systems are typically 10 to 14 feet tall. Some designs use a metal
electrical conduit, bamboo pole, or wooden stake placed next to each newly
planted tree for support. Wires run the length of the tree row, supporting the
tops of the poles and keeping them in line, either horizontally or at an angle
for V systems. Additional horizontal support wires can be used, depending
on the design. In some systems, no poles are used and the trees are supported
entirely by the wires. The trees are tied loosely to the poles or wires so that
as they grow they form straight trunks. Depending on the crop and design
you choose, trees are spaced about 3 to 7 feet apart in rows that are 10 to 16
feet apart. About 389 to 1,452 trees are planted per acre. In cooler climates
where trees are less vigorous, it is best to space trees closer together within
rows.
Training Trees, Crop by Crop
Apples are remarkably adaptable trees that can be trained to large pots for
patios or as freestanding giants. For organic fruit growers, freestanding or
supported trees 6 to 12 feet tall work well.
Training Apple Trees
If you have an established orchard of freestanding trees, do not rush to re-
move them and replant. What you have may already be suitable, and re-
