Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
somewhat more tolerant of heavy and poorly drained soils than other stone
fruits, most plums are still highly susceptible to root diseases and disorders
and are best planted on slightly acidic, well-drained loams, sandy loams, and
loamy sands.
Plums bloom very early in spring and are susceptible to frost damage.
They are also susceptible to brown blight and other fungal and bacterial dis-
eases. To avoid frost and reduce disease pressure, plant plums on sites with
good to excellent air drainage.
Types of Plums
Because of the diversity of species and varieties, it is hard to make general-
izations about plums. Plants range from small sprawling shrubs to 20-foot-
tall trees. Plum varieties vary greatly in their suitability for fresh use, freez-
ing, canning, and drying. Pay close attention to variety descriptions to ensure
your selections will meet your planned needs.
European Plums
European plums (
Prunus domestica
) are, by far, the most important commer-
cial plums and have been cultivated in Europe for 2,000 years or more. In
North America, they are the most adaptable and most commercially import-
ant plums. This crop likely developed from a hybrid between other species,
as no wild form has been discovered. European plums are typically divided
into four or five groups: prune, greengage, yellow egg, and Imperatrice and
Lombard.
Prunes.
'Stanley', 'Sugar', and 'Italian' are well-known varieties. Prune-type
plums can be used fresh or for drying or canning.
Greengage.
These plums are round, sweet, tender, juicy fruits with greenish-
yellow or golden skins. Popular varieties include 'Reine Claude', 'Imperial
