Health Assistance for Immigrants - Smart Information Systems: Computational Intelligence for Real-Life Applications - page 82

3.2.5 Graph-Based Search
The advantage of ontology-based knowledge bases is that they can be exploited to
identify related concepts. A common approach to identify these related concepts
is to apply graph-based search algorithms. These algorithms infer links between
ontology nodes that are not explicitly stored in the ontology (e.g., [ 36 ]). Most graph
search algorithms (e.g., [ 40 , 41 ]) are based on breadth-first search or depth-bounded
depth-first search. These algorithms find related nodes by calculating a relatedness
score to the input nodes. A high relatedness means that the nodes can be reached by
several parallel short paths [ 22 ]. The scoring function should consider the specific
properties of the ontology domain, taking into account edge weights and semantics
while computing the path weights. The nodes with the highest relatedness score are
considered to be most similar to the input nodes. Within this work, we apply graph-
based search to retrieve relevant health information based on the users' search query
and their personal context.
3.2.6 Healthy Nutrition
Unhealthy nutrition is one of the main reasons for diseases of affluence and, con-
sequently, there is a grand need to convince people to choose healthy food rather
than convenience food. Unfortunately, people are constantly facing advertisement
campaigns whose main purpose is not to sell healthy products [ 13 ]. Active measures
against this situation are information campaigns. This includes approaches such as
the traffic light rating system, i.e., the regulation that food producers and providers
have to clearly state on their product how healthy their product is. Other approaches
include marketing campaigns which are often financed by the government or health
insurance companies. While these are considered to be rather passive information
campaign, another approach is to actively assist the people to prepare their food. This
can be done in the form of cooking classes where exclusively healthy food options
are taught [ 4 ], but also in the form of software systems (e.g., [ 14 ]) that take over
the task of the chef instructor. In this work, we introduce a software-based nutrition
assistant that assists users in preparing healthy food.
3.2.7 Physical Activities
Various studies suggest that personal achievement is one of the main driving forces
behind sports activities. Nicholls [ 26 ] argues, for example, that one of the main rea-
sons for the success of competitive sports such as running, tennis, or swimming is
the possibility to directly compare one's physical abilities with others. Another moti-
vation is to experience (and to extend) physical limitations. This can in particular be
observed in extreme sports such as bungee jumping, base diving, or other dangerous