Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
16
New Trends in Polymers
A. P. Bonartsev, G. A. Bonartseva,
A. L. Iordanskii, G. E. Zaikov, and M. I. Artsis
CONTENTS
16.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 183
16.2 PHB Hydrolysis and Biodegradation .............................................................. 184
16.2.1 Nonenzymatic Hydrolysis of PHB in Vitro ......................................... 184
16.2.2 Enzymatic Degradation of PHB in Vitro ............................................. 190
16.2.3 Biodegradation of PHB by Soil Microorganisms................................ 193
16.2.4 Biodegradation of PHB in Vivo in Animal Tissues ............................. 195
16.3 Application of PHB ......................................................................................... 201
16.3.1 Medical Devices on the Base of PHB and PHB in
Vivo Biocompatibility ..................................................................................... 201
16.3.2 PHB as Tissue Engineering Material and PHB in
Vitro Biocompatibility..................................................................................... 206
16.3.3 Novel Drug Dosage Forms on the Base of PHB ................................. 209
16.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 213
Keywords ................................................................................................................. 213
References ................................................................................................................ 214
16.1 INTRODUCTION
Over the last decade an intense development of biomedical application of microbial
poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in producing of biodegradable polymer implants
and controlled drug release systems need for comprehensive understanding of the
PHB biodegradation process [1-3]. Examination of PHB degradation process is also
necessary for development of novel friendly environment polymer packaging [4-6]. It
is generally accepted that biodegradation of PHB both in living systems and in envi-
ronment occurs
via
enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes that take place simultane-
ously under natural conditions. It is, therefore, important to understand both processes
[1, 7]. Opposite to
poly (glycolide)
(PGA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA),
PHB is considered to be moderately resistant to degradation
in vitro
as well as to
biodegradation in animal body. The rates of degradation are influenced by the charac-
teristics of the polymer, such as chemical composition, crystallinity, morphology, and
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