Defensive Programming - Java Coding Guidelines - page 118

int toa float orfroma long toa double cancausealossofprecision.(See The CERT ®
Oracle ® Secure Coding Standard for Java ™ [Long 2012], “ NUM13-J. Avoid loss of pre-
cision when converting primitive integers to floating-point , ” for more details.)
Theseconversionscanoccurwhenusingmultiplicativeoperators( % , * , / ),additiveop-
erators ( + , - ), comparison operators ( < , > , <= , >= ), equality operators ( == , != ), and integer
bitwise operators ( & , | , ^ ).
Examples
In the following example, a is promoted to a double before the + operator is applied:
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int a = some_value;
double b = some_other_value;
double c = a + b;
In the following program fragment, b is first converted to int so that the + operator
can be applied to operands of the same type:
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int a = some_value;
char b = some_character;
if ((a + b) > 1.1f) {
// Do something
}
Theresultof (a+b) isthenconvertedtoa float ,andthecomparisonoperatorisfinally
applied.
Compound Operators
Typecoercionmayoccurwhencompoundexpressionsareusedwithmixedoperandtypes.
Examples of compound assignment operators are += , -= , *= , /= , &= , ^= , %= , <<= , >>= ,
>>>= , and |= .
According to the JLS §15.26.2, “Compound Assignment Operators” [JLS 2013],