Main human uses of ocean areas and resources, impacts, and multiple scales of governance - Ocean Sustainability in the 21st Century - page 57

Table 2.1 (compiled based on Gjerde et al ., 2008 , UNEP, 2010 , and convention web-
sites) summarizes the coverage and provisions of these regional seas conventions.

Table 2.1 Coverage and provisions of regional seas conventions.
Agreement Coverage Mandate and

provisions

Conservation
approaches and
tools

Ongoing efforts
in areas beyond
national
jurisdiction

OSPAR
Convention
(North-East
Atlantic)

The 'OSPAR
Maritime Area'
extends from the
shores of the
contracting parties
to substantial
adjacent areas
beyond national
jurisdiction

- Promote
concerted action
to prevent and
eliminate marine
pollution
- Achieve
sustainable
management of
the maritime area,
to meet the needs
of present and
future generations
- Does not cover
fishing and
shipping

- Ecosystem
approach, network
of marine
protected areas

- Establishment
of marine
protected areas
beyond national
jurisdiction
- Biogeographic
classification

Barcelona
Convention (The
Mediterranean)

Most
Mediterranean
countries have not
declared EEZs,
thus a marine area
beyond national
jurisdiction
generally starts at
the 12 nm
territorial sea limit

To reduce
pollution in the
Mediterranean
Sea and protect
and improve the
marine
environment of
the area, thereby
contributing to its
sustainable
development

Protocol
concerning
specially
protected areas
and biological
diversity; has led
to the
establishment of
Specially
Protected Areas of
Mediterranean
Interest (SPAMIs)

- Establishment
of marine
protected areas
beyond national
jurisdiction
- Biogeographic
classification