Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
technical reasons relating to their oceanographic and ecological condition and to their sea
traffic, the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution is re-
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)
In addition to the special areas described above, the IMO has adopted a resolution provid-
ing for the designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs). According to the IMO,
a PSSA is 'a comprehensive management tool at the international level that provides a
mechanism for reviewing an area that is vulnerable to damage by international shipping
and determines the most appropriate ways to address that vulnerability'.
Procedures for identification of PSSAs and the adoption of associated protective
measures have been set forth under IMO PSSA guidelines, the latest version of which was
adopted in December 2005 (Resolution A. 982 (24)). The guidelines define a PSSA as 'an
area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for re-
cognized ecological, socio-economic, or scientific attributes where such attributes may be
vulnerable to damage by international shipping activities'. Although the currently existing
PSSAs are located within national jurisdiction, they could also be designated in areas bey-
ond national jurisdiction.
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and
Other Matter 1972 (London Convention)
The London Convention and the 1996 Protocol thereto aim to control and prevent all
sources of marine pollution caused by the deliberate disposal of wastes or other substances
at sea. The Convention differentiates between matter whose dumping is prohibited (listed
in Annex I) and those which require a permit. Issuance of a permit requires consideration
of various factors including the characteristics of the proposed dumping site. Under the
London Convention, states with common interests in protecting the marine environment in
a given geographical area are to enter into regional agreements. Parties must also cooper-
