Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
TheConvention onBiological Diversity (CBD)wasadoptedinRiodeJaneiroin1992.The
objectives of the CBD are the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its com-
ponents, and the equitable sharing of benefits derived from genetic resources.
Article 22 of the CBD obliges its parties to implement the CBD consistently with the
rights and obligations of states under the law of the sea. In areas beyond national jurisdic-
tion, the scope of the CBD is limited to 'processes and activities carried out under a Party's
jurisdiction or control, which may have adverse impacts on biodiversity' (Article 4b). The
CBDdoes not apply to the components of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdic-
tion, as it would within national jurisdiction. As a result, the CBD highlights the need for
cooperation among parties in respect ofareas beyond national jurisdiction forthe conserva-
tion and sustainable use of biodiversity, either directly or through competent international
organizations (Article 5).
The CBD contains provisions for the precautionary approach, the ecosystem ap-
proach, protected areas (Article 8), and monitoring and identification (Article 7). In partic-
ular, the ecosystem approach is seen as the primary framework for action under the Con-
vention, and the fifth meeting ofthe Conference ofthe Parties endorsed a description, oper-
ational guidance, and principles of the ecosystem approach (decision V/6) (Please refer to
Chapter6
formoreinformationontheecosystemapproachanditsapplicationtothemarine
environment). The CBD also expressly mandates the establishment of protected areas and
recognizes that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind
and an integral part of the development process.
The CBD has a programme of work relating to marine and coastal biodiversity, and
is undertaking work to identify Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs)
in the world's oceans. The CBD has also undertaken work, inter alia, on marine protected
areas, biodiversity impacts of fishing, ocean noise, and environmental impact assessment
in the oceans.
