The contribution of international scientific cooperation and related institutions to effective governance for the oceans: the cases of regional tsunami early warning systems and the Argo Project - Ocean Sustainability in the 21st Century - page 290

Atlantic, since the mid 2000s, the European Commission (EC) is playing an increasing role
both through funding in support of research projects (EC, 2006a , 2006b , 2006c , 2007a , and
2007b ) and the NEAMTIC (EC, 2011 ) , but also through the technical work of the Joint Re-
search Centre (JRC), for example in wave propagation models. No particular expansions
of the functional scope of the TWS can be identified, also because only PTWS and IOTWS
are currently at a fully operational stage. As explored by ICG/NEAMTWS, the incorpor-
ation of TWS in multi-hazards warning systems, also addressing other types of coastal
flooding such as storm surges, may be achieved in the future (see (WMO, 2009 , paragraph
4.6.13). An evaluation of the performance and effectiveness of TWS is outside the scope
of the present contribution (for studies on the development and performance of individual
TWS, see, e.g. Srinivasa Kumar et al. , 2010 ; Srinivasa Kumar et al ., 2012 ; Hanka et al. ,
2010 ; Lauterjung et al ., 2010 ; Ozaki, 2011 ; and Committee on the Review of the Tsunami
Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation's Tsunami Preparedness, Na-
tional Research Council, 2011 ) . Applying, mutatis mutandis , Henkin's hypothesis ( 1979 )
that the majority of member states comply with the majority of international environment-
al rules most of the time, it can be seen that, with few exceptions, the ICGs are enjoying
great participation by their members ( Table 8.1 ) , who are contributing to the development
and implementation of tsunami early warning and mitigation systems through seismologic-
al networks and the application of the IOC Oceanographic Data Exchange Policy to sea-
level data.