Geoscience Reference
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lightly. We thus advocate research that recognizes abiotic and biotic scales and cross-scale
interactions through the panarchy framework, along with monitoring strategies designed to
detect and adapt to surprise and to that which is currently unknown.
We hope that the suggestion of panarchy as a framework for further study will provide
a useful tool for assessing change and for planning and carrying out an effective response
by the world's top predator. This concept also highlights the potential, and even likelihood,
that the Arctic Ocean might go through a series of unprecedented changes (Ω phases) lead-
ingtotheevolutionofnewcomplex-adaptiveArcticecosystemswhich,inturn,willrequire
our deep understanding.
