Effect of Biodiesel Utilization on Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine - Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development - page 75

in suspension in the lubrication oil as minute metal debris. Therefore, sources of
these elements and the engine condition (engine health) can be predicted and
monitored by analyzing the concentration and variations in the metallic wear debris
in the lubricating oil after a

fixed operating interval.
Fazal et al. ( 2011 ) summarized comparison of wear of biodiesel- and mineral
diesel-fueled engines in a review article. They concluded that either lower or similar
wear takes place in biodiesel/biodiesel blend-fueled engines in comparison with
mineral diesel-fueled engines, for both static engine tests as well as

field trials (Fazal
et al. 2011 ). Agarwal and Das ( 2001 ) also concluded from a 512-h-long endurance
test, which they conducted on a single-cylinder engine using B20 of linseed bio-
diesel, that biodiesel does not have any signi cant adverse impact on wear of various

vital moving components of the engine. Verhaeven et al. ( 2005 ) reported that there
was no signi

cant difference in the wear of the fuel injectors and fuel injection
equipment, even after 100,000 km field trial with alternate fuels namely rapeseed oil

methyl ester (RME) and used vegetable oil methyl ester (UVOME). Sinha and
Agarwal ( 2010 ) reported physical measurements of various vital engine components
and showed lower wear for B20-fueled engine in comparison with mineral diesel-
fueled engine except for big end bearing, which showed slightly higher wear for
B20-fueled compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) engine.

Ç

etinkaya et al.
( 2005 ) observed almost identical level of carbon deposits on the fuel injectors of the
two vehicles fueled with used cooking oil-based biodiesel and mineral diesel in a
7,500-km field test in winter conditions. Pehan et al. ( 2009 ) reported similar carbon

deposits in the combustion chambers of biodiesel- and diesel-fueled engines.
Agarwal and Dhar ( 2010 , 2012 ) reported higher carbon deposits on the piston of
straight vegetable oil- (Karanja oil) and blend-fueled engine in comparison with
mineral diesel-fueled engine in a long-term endurance test.
Celik and Aydin ( 2011 ) investigated the effects of biodiesel on the fuel injector
and fuel injection pump piston used in a diesel engine by using two identical
engines with the same technical speci cations, but operated on petroleum diesel and

100 % (B100) biodiesel for 200 h. SEM analyses showed signi cant structural

changes on the surfaces of the injector nozzle used for B100. Less shrinkage was
observed in the engine injector nozzle using petroleum diesel compared to the one
using biodiesel (Fig. 1 ) (Celik and Aydin 2011 ).

Fig. 1 SEM analyses of injector nozzles a before and b after diesel; c before and d after biodiesel
usage (Celik and Aydin 2011 )